Hessdalen: What the Valley Actually Looks Like

In central Norway, roughly 120 kilometres south of Trondheim, there is a farming valley twelve kilometres long with a permanent population of around 150 people. The river Hesja runs through it north to south. For most of the twentieth century, no one outside Holtålen municipality had heard of it. Since the early 1980s, it has been the site of the most sustained scientific investigation of anomalous luminous phenomena in the world.

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Paul’s Argument

Paul is the most prolific author in the New Testament. He is also the apostle who devoted the largest portion of his writing to defending his right to write it. The defense in Galatians is not rhetorical modesty. It is a response to a specific charge, addressed to a specific audience, and its existence tells us something about the apostolic category that the canonical narrative does not state directly.

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